History: Fairfield is a northern Nelson County town near the border with Spencer County. Settlement in the area began about 1795 as a number of families moved into the area from Maryland. Fairfield, often referred to in its early years as Turkey Town. The City was established Jan. 30, 1818 and was incorporated Feb. 22, 1870. The population in 2010 was 113. The Census ACS estimate for 2019 is 118 persons.